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BERG, Paul

(1926–    ), American biochemist and Nobel laureate, born in Brooklyn, N.Y., and educated at Pennsylvania State College (now Pennsylvania State University) and Western Reserve University (now Case Western Reserve University). In his early research he focused on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). From 1959 to 1994 he was on the faculty at Stanford University, where he was particularly interested in transfer RNA (tRNA) and its role in protein assembly, and the enzymes linking various tRNAs and amino acids. After a sabbatical year of study with the Italian-American microbiologist Renato Dulbecco, Berg experimented with recombinant DNA but, fearing the possibility of creating new cancer-causing bacteria, he concentrated instead on techniques of manipulating simian virus (SV) 40, a monkey tumor virus. For his “fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant DNA,” Berg was awarded half of the 1980 Nobel Prize in chemistry; the other half was shared by the American molecular biologist Walter Gilbert and the British biochemist Frederick Sanger.

An article from Funk & Wagnalls® New Encyclopedia. © 2006 World Almanac Education Group. A WRC Media Company. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws are prohibited.

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