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ERIC THE RED

(c. 950–1001), Norwegian explorer, the first European to explore Greenland and to found a colony there. His second son, Leif Ericson, is believed to have been one of the first Europeans to reach North America.

Eric, whose patronymic was Thorvaldsson, was called Eric the Red because of his red hair. When his father was exiled for manslaughter, Eric left Norway with him, and the family settled in Iceland. In 980–81, faced with manslaughter charges himself, Eric decided to explore land sighted by his friend Gunnbjörn Úlfsson to the west of Iceland. The course Eric followed took him to the island he named Greenland. Returning to Iceland, he persuaded several shiploads of relatives and friends to join him in colonizing the new land in about 985. Because the eastern coast was sheathed in ice, he rounded Cape Farewell in the south and founded a settlement called Brattahlid. Others of his party established another settlement near present-day Nuuk (Godthåb). Both communities were on the western coast.

An injury prevented Eric from accompanying his son Leif on the voyage that eventually took him to Vinland (North America) in about 1001. He died the winter after Leif returned home. Another son, Thorvald (d. 1004?), also visited Vinland.

An article from Funk & Wagnalls® New Encyclopedia. © 2006 World Almanac Education Group. A WRC Media Company. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws are prohibited.

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ENCYCLOPEDIA:

ERIC THE RED

ERIC THE RED. (c. 950–1001), Norwegian explorer, the first European to explore Greenland and to found a colony there. Eric, whose patronymic was Thorvaldsson, was called Eric the Red . . .

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