ancient region of Europe which, at its greatest extent, included the western part of the Balkan Peninsula from the Danube River to Epirus. About 1300 bc, Illyrians, people of Indo-European stock who are considered ancestors of modern Albanians, settled on the northern and eastern coasts of the Adriatic Sea. Included among them were the Dalmatians and the Pannonians. The Greeks established cities on the coast in the 7th and 6th centuries bc, and in the 4th and 3d centuries bc Macedonian kings conquered parts of Illyria. The last Illyrian kingdom was organized in the 3d century bc with the capital at Scodra (now Shkodër, Albania). Their piracy put the Illyrians in conflict with Rome, which waged two victorious wars against them in 228 and 219 bc. After Dalmatia seceded from the Illyrian kingdom, the Romans conquered Scodra and established, in 168 bc, a colony there that they named Illyricum. Gradually, Dalmatia was conquered and finally added (78–77 bc) to Illyricum; then, by 35–34 bc the southern areas of the former kingdom of Illyria were added, and, in 9 bc, Pannonia in the north. After an Illyrian revolt in ad 6–9, Illyricum was divided into the provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia. In the 4th century ad, the name Illyricum was given to a Roman prefecture that included the former colony, a large area north of the Adriatic Sea, and much of the Balkan peninsula. Under Rome the region prospered, and many roads and towns were built; Diocletian and other emperors came from Dalmatia. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, ancient Illyria became part of the Byzantine Empire. The name Illyria was revived by Napoleon in 1809, when he included much of the ancient region in his Provinces of Illyria; the name was also used between 1816–49, when the area was included in the Austrian Empire.