in HINDUISM, (q.v.) and Indian mythology, the eighth avatar, or incarnation, of the god VISHNU, (q.v.). According to tradition, Vishnu appeared as Krishna to rid the world of a tyrannical king named Kamsa, the son of a demon.

Numerous legends describe Krishna’s miracles and heroic exploits. He slew or defeated scores of evil demons and monsters. He appears prominently, and as a deity, in the epic poem MAHABHARATA (q.v.), in which he sides with the Pandavas, one of two contending families, and acts as the charioteer of the hero Arjuna. It is to Arjuna, troubled on the eve of the decisive battle, that Krishna delivers the celebrated discourse on duty and life, which is known as the BHAGAVAD-GITA (q.v.).

For his part in the struggle between the Pandavas and their enemies, the Kauravas, Krishna and all his race were cursed by Gandhari, the mother of the slaughtered Kaurava brothers. Thereafter, Krishna’s people quarreled among themselves, ultimately exterminating one another in a single day by fighting with uprooted reeds grown from a magical iron powder. Krishna and his brother Bala-Rama alone survived. They retired into a nearby forest, where a serpent crawled out of Bala-Rama’s mouth, leaving him dead. The solitary Krishna was then killed by a hunter who mistook him for a deer and shot him with an arrow tipped with the same magical iron that had destroyed his people.

Today, Krishna is probably the most celebrated god of the Hindu pantheon.