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full name Otto Friedrich Ludwig (1815–67), king of Greece (1832–62), the second son of Louis I, king of Bavaria. Otto was born in Salzburg, Austria, and educated in Munich. When Greece freed itself from Turkish domination in the War of Independence (1821–32), he was chosen by the London Conference as sovereign of the new Greek monarchy. He ruled under a regency of three Bavarian advisers until 1835. Otto became increasingly unpopular with the Greeks because of his German ministers, heavy taxes, his religion (he was a Roman Catholic), the intervention of his German wife in government affairs, and his delay in granting a constitution. In 1843 Bavarian troops were withdrawn from Greece, and a Greek uprising forced him to appoint Greek ministers and to authorize a constitution. Otto’s prestige fell rapidly as the British and French blockaded the port of Piraiévs, and Greece became involved in the Crimean War (1854–56). In 1862 Otto was deposed by a revolutionary government, and he returned to Bavaria.
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GERMANY,
GERMANY,. officially Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Ger. Bundesrepublik Deutschland), republic, central Europe, bordered on the N by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; on the E by Poland and the Czech Republic; on the S by Austria and
ENCYCLOPEDIA: HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE,
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