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POLONIUM

radioactive metalloid element, symbol Po, in group 16 (or VIa) of the periodic table (see PERIODIC LAW,); at.no. 84, at.wt. (naturally occurring isotope) 210. Polonium melts at about 254° C (about 489° F), boils at about 962° C (about 1764° F), and has a sp.gr. of 9.4. The first element to be discovered by means of its RADIOACTIVITY, (q.v.), polonium was found in PITCHBLENDE, (q.v.) in 1898 by the French chemist Marie Curie, who named it for her native country, Poland. Polonium is one of the elements in the uranium-radium series of radioactive decay, the first member of which is uranium-238. It occurs in radium-containing ores and is found in isotopic forms with mass numbers ranging from 192 to 218. Polonium-210 (also called radium-F), the only naturally occurring isotope, has a half-life of 138 days.

Because most polonium isotopes disintegrate by emitting alpha particles, the element is a good source of pure alpha radiation. It is also used in nuclear research with elements such as beryllium that emit neutrons when bombarded by alpha particles. In printing and photography equipment, polonium is used in devices that ionize the air to eliminate accumulation of electrostatic charges.

An article from Funk & Wagnalls® New Encyclopedia. © 2006 World Almanac Education Group. A WRC Media Company. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws are prohibited.

ENCYCLOPEDIA:

POLONIUM,

Polonium melts at about 254° C (about 489° F), boils at about 962° C (about 1764° F), and has a sp.gr. of 9.4. Polonium is one of the elements in the uranium-radium series of radioactive decay, the first member of which is uranium-238. Polonium-210 (also called radium-F), . . .

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