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SPEMANN, Hans

(1869–1941), German embryologist and Nobel laureate. Born on June 27, 1869, in Stuttgart, Germany, he started out as a medical student but became especially interested in comparative anatomy, in studies at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich, and Würzburg, earning degrees in zoology, botany, and physics in 1895. Three years later, he started lecturing in zoology at the University of Würzburg. In 1908, he became a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at Rostock. He was chosen to be associate director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biology at Berlin-Dahlem several years later, and, in 1919, he became a professor of zoology in at the University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau.

Spemann's investigations focused on experimental embryology. Through his research on the embryos of amphibians, he discovered that a certain region of the embryo he called the "organizer" induces tissue above it to differentiate into the main axis of the embryo. He pioneered in analyzing the complex process, later called "embryonic induction," by which specific parts of the embryo develop into particular organs and tissues.

He was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development."

An article from Funk & Wagnalls® New Encyclopedia. © 2006 World Almanac Education Group. A WRC Media Company. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws are prohibited.

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NOBEL PRIZES,. awards granted annually to persons or institutions for outstanding contributions to physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, international peace, and economics. The prizes, except for the economics award, are awarded

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