Judah P. Benjamin

Judah P. Benjamin (1811-84) was a prominent American lawyer and politician who held three different positions in the Confederate cabinet during the American Civil War (1861-65). The British West Indies-born Benjamin served in the U.S. Senate prior to the war and was twice offered a Supreme Court seat, which he refused both times. In 1861-62, Benjamin served as the Confederate attorney general, then secretary of war, before ultimately assuming the post of secretary of state, which he would hold until the end of the war. After the collapse of the Confederacy, Benjamin fled to Europe, where lived the rest of his life in exile.

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During his first year in the U.S. Senate, Judah P. Benjamin challenged fellow Senator-and future Confederate President-Jefferson Davis to a duel over a perceived insult. After Davis apologized, the two reconciled and became close friends.

Judah P. Benjamin (born Aug. 6, 1811, St. Croix, Virgin Islands—died May 6, 1884, Paris, Fr.) was a prominent lawyer in the United States before the American Civil War (1861–65) and in England after that conflict; he also held high offices in the government of the Confederate States of America. The first professing Jew elected to the U.S. Senate (1852; reelected 1858), he is said to have been the most prominent American Jew during the 19th century.

Born a British subject (St. Croix was then a part of the British Virgin Islands), Benjamin was taken to the United States in his early youth, settling in Charleston, S.C. For two years (1825–27) he studied law at Yale University and then settled in New Orleans, La. He was admitted to the Louisiana bar in 1832, and his practice became extremely successful in the fields of commercial and insurance law. He also prospered for a time as a sugar planter, helped to organize the Illinois Central Railroad, and was elected to the Louisiana legislature in 1842. In the U.S. Senate he was noted for his proslavery speeches. After his state had seceded from the Union, he was appointed attorney general in the Confederate government (Feb. 21, 1861). Later that year he was named secretary of war by his friend President Jefferson Davis. It was charged that his mismanagement of the war office led to several major military defeats, and he resigned, but Davis promptly named him secretary of state (Feb. 7, 1862). Late in the war he enraged many white Southerners by urging that slaves be recruited into the Confederate Army and emancipated after their term of service.

At the end of the Civil War Benjamin escaped to England, where he was called to the bar (June 1866) after only five months' residence and where he achieved his greatest professional success. In 1872 he became a queen's counsel. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property (1868) was the principal textbook on its subject for many years in England and the United States.

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