HISTORY.com Editors

HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen, Christian Zapata and Cristiana Lombardo.

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Queen Philip Reagan & Nancy

U.S. presidents have received elaborate welcomes by the British monarchy since 1918.

Mexican flag

From its colors to the rendering of a snake-eating eagle, the Mexican flag is packed with symbolism and history.

The wreck of Shackleton’s Endurance, with the wheel visible.

Preserved by icy waters, the majestic wooden ship of the infamous 1914-1916 Antarctic expedition is revealed in images from the deep of the Weddell Sea.

Douglas Mawson

These people went off the beaten track. Then things went horribly wrong.

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Surprising Facts about St. Patrick's Day

Who was the real St. Patrick? Was that legend about the snakes true? And why did so many St. Patrick's Day traditions start in America?

D-Day Facts

D-Day was a historic World War II invasion, but the events of June 6, 1944 encompassed much more than a key military victory.

These aircraft, tanks, rocket launchers and more serve as the workhorses of American warfare. One has even earned the nickname "the finger of God."

Chris Mellon believes the government should more aggressively gather intel on military UFO sightings, some of which were captured on video.

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Civil War secrets found in a battlefield garbage pile. A jewel thief in a powdered wig who hastened Marie Antoinette’s downfall. A Supreme Court showdown started by barmaids. Discover 25 fascinating—and often overlooked—moments that made history.

1950: 155mm Howitzers in action at Seoul, South Korea, during the Korean War.

These standout titles don’t just recount battles.

Due to threats and violence against her, U.S. Marshals escorted 6-year-old Ruby Bridges to and from the previously whites only William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, 1960. As soon as Bridges entered the school, white parents pulled their childre

As a first-grader, her image became an emotional symbol for civil rights and educational equality.

VATICAN-ITALY-US-POLITICS-DIPLOMACY-RELIGION

A brutally drawn-out election in 1271 led to the formation of the secretive, secluded conclave—and quicker elections.

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Chinese and U.S. currency.

A look back at some pivotal moments in the complicated relationship between the two superpowers.

6 Things You May Not Know About Pumpkins

Which famous French explorer is credited with naming them?

Basketball, football and baseball are the three most popular sports in the United States.

Their backstories may surprise you.

The Controversy of Columbus Day

Christopher Columbus' arrival in North America in 1492 undoubtedly changed the world and lives of the Indigenous people he met. But was it for the better?

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Halloween's focus on horror and make believe has spawned creepy legends, ghost stories—and hoaxes.

From witches to zombies to creepy clowns, the season's hair-raising legends all formed from decades—to centuries—of lore.

Carved Pumpkins at a Festival

From pagan rituals to costumes and candy corn, discover how Halloween—and its associated traditions—has evolved through the ages.

The Woodstock music festival may not have been a smoothly run event, but it featured electric moments—musical and otherwise—that made it unforgettable.

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Virginia Hall

A diplomat who used the power of paperwork, a 16-year-old girl who shot Nazis from her bicycle and a teacher who hid Jewish children in baskets were among those who risked their lives to save others during World War II.

Tulsa Race Riots

The Greenwood district of Tulsa, Oklahoma had flourished as a neighborhood built by Black people, for Black people. In 1921 it was destroyed by a white mob. Get the facts on the attack and subsequent coverup.

Underwater explorer and marine biologist Mike Barnette and wreck diver Jimmy Gadomski explore a 20-foot segment of the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger that the team discovered in the waters off the coast of Florida.

The 20-foot piece of the NASA space shuttle was found off the coast of Florida during the filming of the new HISTORY Channel series, 'The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters.'

History of Halloween: Trick or Treating

The practice can be traced to the ancient Celts, early Roman Catholics and 17th-century British politics.

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History of Jack O'Lanterns

Before we carved pumpkins, the Irish chiseled creepy faces onto turnips.

HISTORY: September 11 Photos

Images show devastation during the 2001 terror attacks, and the tragic aftermath.

9/11 Memorial of the September 11 Attacks in New York City

Watch videos about the attacks of 9/11 and the aftermath.

Stonewall Inn

The struggle for LGBTQ rights dates at least as far back as 1924 and accelerated in the wake of the 1969 Stonewall Uprising.

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George Washington

He's America's first president. The icon we all think we know. But in reality, he was a complicated human being.

Flower arrangement

If you’ve ever received an anonymous flower basket at your doorstep on the first day of May, you may have been the recipient of a May Day basket.

Gay Pride Parade, 1983

This HISTORY Channel podcast, produced in partnership with WNYC Studios, was honored with a 2024 Peabody Award.

Heroes of Black US Military History

Meet the standout soldiers, spies and homefront forces who fought in American conflicts, from the Revolution to World War II.

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'After Auschwitz, the human condition is no longer the same. After Auschwitz, nothing will ever be the same.' —Elie Wiesel.

HISTORY: Pearl Harbor

On December 7, 1941, a surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shocked America. These are the stories of veterans who were at the naval base that morning.

Twin Towers, New York City

On the morning of 9/11 in New York City, ordinary people picked up video cameras and recorded. This is what they saw—and how they reflected on the experience years later.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland speaking out of doors.

The first Indigenous cabinet member in U.S. history, Haaland hails from a lineage of 35 generations based in New Mexico.

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These videos showcase the vision and hope John F. Kennedy inspired in Americans—and the immense national grief they shared upon his death.

The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln

Stories of a ghostly President Lincoln wandering the corridors and rooms of the White House have persisted for more than a century.

Martin Luther King Giving "Dream" SpeechMartin Luther King Jr., gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd before the Lincoln Memorial during the Freedom March in Washington, DC, on August 28, 1963. The widely quoted speech became one of his most famous.

From 'I Have a Dream' to 'Beyond Vietnam,' revisit the words and messages of the legendary civil rights leader.

Little-Known Facts About the Moon Landing

When Neil Armstrong stepped down a ladder and onto the moon on July 20, 1969, the nation achieved an audacious vision. But there were surprising moments along the way and not everything went as expected.

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Guard Gate at Area 51 (Groom Lake, Dreamland) near Rachel, Nevada

Some have connected the site with the alleged government coverup of an alien spacecraft crash. Others claim the moon landing was filmed there. If that's not true, what is?

Pearl Harbor Survivor and WWII Veteran Paul Kennedy

On the morning of December 7, 1941 Paul Kennedy found himself staring straight at an incoming Japanese aircraft.

The Stone Age

The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago when humans began working with metal and making tools and weapons from bronze.

(Original Caption) Chicago's Democratic Mayor appears glum as he makes a point during news conference 11/6 after Richard Nixon won the race for President. Illinois, the state where Nixon lost his first presidential bid, gave him the victory margin this time. Daley, however retained his power base as Democrats swept to victory in all Cook County races.

Richard J. Daley was a political boss who served as mayor of Chicago and chair of the Cook County Democratic Party Central Committee for more than two decades.

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Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge, Three M4 Sherman tanks have taken up positions near St. Vith during the Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive or the Von Rundtstedt Offensive. 20th December 1944. Belgium. (Photo by Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Images)

The Battle of the Bulge took place in December 1944, after Adolf Hitler launched a surprise blitzkrieg against Allied Forces in northwest Europe. Caught off-guard, American units fought to stem the German advance. As the Germans pushed through American defenses, the front line took on the appearance of a large bulge, giving rise to the battle’s name.

Alice Paul, American suffragist, 1920.

Alice Paul was a Quaker suffragist who fought to secure women the right to vote and other feminist causes. The author of the Equal Rights Amendment, written in 1923 but still not ratified, died at the age of 92 in 1977, and remains one of the nation’s most outspoken voices in the battle for equality.

Tanks on the road to Basra on January 1, 1985.

In September 1980, Iraqi forces launched a full-scale invasion of neighboring Iran, beginning the Iran-Iraq War. Fueled by territorial, religious and political disputes between the two nations, the conflict ended in an effective stalemate and a cease-fire nearly eight years later.

8/22/1964-Atlantic City, NJ-: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegate Fanny Hamer speaks out for the meeting of her delegates at a credential meeting prior to the formal meeting of the Democratic National Convention.

Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) was a civil rights activist whose passionate depiction of her own suffering in a racist society helped focus attention on the plight of African Americans throughout the South. In 1964, working with the Student Non-Violent Co...

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HISTORY: Populism

The style of politics that claims to speak for ordinary people and often stirs up distrust has risen up on both sides of the political spectrum throughout U.S. history.

Ancient Bust of Hannibal

Hannibal was a general and statesman of Carthage who famously led his army over the Alps in 218 B.C. during the Second Punic War with Rome.

Mao Zedong led communist forces in China through a long revolution and ruled the People's Republic of China from its formation in 1949 until his death in 1976.

HISTORY: English Civil Wars

The English Civil Wars (1642-1651) stemmed from conflict between King Charles I and Parliament over an Irish insurrection. The wars ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester.

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Admiral David Glasgow Farragut

David Farragut was an accomplished U.S. naval officer who helped the Union achieve key victories at New Orleans, Vicksburg and Mobile Bay during the Civil War.

In May 1887, around 30 Chinese laborers were mining gold in an isolated part of northeast Oregon, when the entire group was gunned down by a white gang of horse thieves. Initially referred to as the “Hells Canyon Massacre” or “Snake River Massacre” and the “Chinese Massacre at Deep Creek,” the event is considered one of the deadliest attacks against Chinese-Americans in U.S. history.

The Rock Springs Massacre

The Rock Springs Massacre began as a labor dispute in the territory of Wyoming between white and Chinese coal miners. The dispute led to violence by white mobs on September 2, 1885 that left 28 Chinese miners dead and 15 others wounded.

A Samhain festival in Glastonbury.

Samhain is a pagan religious festival originating from an ancient Celtic spiritual tradition. In modern times, Samhain (a Gaelic word pronounced “sow-win”) is usually celebrated from October 31 to November 1 to welcome in the harvest and usher in “the dark half of the year.”

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A spooky Halloween scene in a graveyard with Jack-o-lanterns.

Halloween originated with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain. Learn more about its origins, traditions, facts, scary movies and more.

Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in her chambers at the US Supreme Court in Washington DC, 5th October 1981, ten days after she became the first female Justice to serve on the Court. (Photo by David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images)

American women’s history has been full of pioneers: Women who fought for their rights, worked hard to be treated equally and made great strides in fields like science, politics, sports, literature and art.

Cumberland Gap', 1872. View of the pass through the Cumberland Mountains on the border of Kentucky and Virginia, USA. From "Picturesque America; or, The Land We Live In, A Delineation by Pen and Pencil of the Mountains, Rivers, Lakes...with Illustrations on Steel and Wood by Eminent American Artists" Vol. I, edited by William Cullen Bryant. [D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1872]. Artist Harry Fenn.

The Wilderness Road, blazed by frontiersman Daniel Boone through the Cumberland Gap, opened a western pathway that led to the first settlements in Kentucky.

The historic waterfront at Mystic seaport. Mystic, Connecticut.

Connecticut, often called the "Constitution State," joined the Union on January 9, 1788, as the fifth state.

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Rabbi blowing a Shofar, usually made from a Rams horn and one of the earliest wind instruments known to man.

Yom Kippur is considered the most important holiday in Judaism.

The Hellenistic period lasted from 323 B.C. until 31 B.C. Alexander the Great built an empire that stretched from Greece all the way to India, and his campaign changed the world: It spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia.

A statue of Greek historian Herodotus.

Herodotus was a Greek writer credited with being the first historian. Sometime around 425 B.C., he published The Histories, an inquiry into the Greco-Persian Wars.

Augustus Caesar

Augustus consolidated power after the death of Julius Caesar to become the first Roman emperor and expand the reach of an empire that lasted nearly 1,500 years.

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History of Christmas

Christmas is celebrated on December 25 and is both a sacred religious holiday and a worldwide cultural and commercial phenomenon. For two millennia, people around the world have been observing it with traditions and practices that are both religious and secular in nature.

A life-size statue of Hatshepsut, the most successful of several female rulers of ancient Egypt.

Hatshepsut oversaw ambitious building projects, including the Temple of Deir el-Bahri, during her reign in 15th century B.C. as a rare Egyptian female pharaoh.

Portrait of Apache leader Geronimo

Apache chief Geronimo (1829-1909) led his followers on a series of escapes in the mid-1870s that bolstered his legend and embarrassed the U.S. government. He surrendered to General Nelson Miles in 1886, and remained a celebrity in captivity until his death at Oklahoma’s Fort Sill.

President Richard Nixon after Addressing Nation on Watergate(Original Caption) President Nixon, in a nationally televised address 8/15, asks for support against "those who would exploit Watergate in order to keep us from doing what we were elected to do." He also proclaimed his innocence of any complicity in the affair. Nixon posed for still photographers after the address, as no pictures were permitted during the telecast.

A June 1972 break-in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters led to an investigation that revealed multiple abuses of power by the Nixon administration.

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HISTORY: Apollo 13

Apollo 13 was the seventh manned mission in the Apollo Space program (1961-1975) and the third lunar landing mission, though the three astronauts aboard never reached the moon and scrambled to survive what became a hair-raising rescue mission.

Colorful sunset overlooking the Colorado River deep in the Grand Canyon

Where Is the Grand Canyon? The Grand Canyon is located in northern Arizona, northwest of the city of Flagstaff. The canyon measures over 270 miles long, up to 18 miles wide and a mile deep, making it one of the biggest canyons in the world. This natural...

HISTORY: The 7 Wonders of the Ancient World

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a list of remarkable constructions of classical antiquity. Of the original Seven Wonders, only one—the Great Pyramid of Giza—remains intact.

Nintendo game consoles In Japan circa 1992

Though video games are found today in homes worldwide, they actually got their start in the research labs of scientists early 1950s. Academics designed simple games, like tic-tac-toe and tennis for two, as part of their research or for fun on the side.

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NEW YORK - SEPTEMBER 16: A Wall St. sign next to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) September 16, 2008 in New York City. U.S. stocks continued to drop Tuesday morning for the second consecutive day, following yesterday's Dow Jones Industrial Average plunge of 4.4% or 504 points, being the worst single day loss since the terrorist attacks of September 2001. Today the Federal Reserve is scheduled to announce the target interest rates for the federal funds. It's not clear how the central bank will respond to recent turmoil in the world's financial markets. This comes after news of Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc selling itself to Bank of America Corp, the financial firm Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and insurance giant American International Group Inc. (AIG) attempting to raise capital to stay afloat. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, is a regulatory agency that protects investors, enforces securities laws and oversees the stock market.

HISTORY: Mathew Brady

Mathew Brady was a 19th-century American photographer who was celebrated for his portraits of politicians and his photographs of the American Civil War (1861-65). In addition to his own work, Brady employed a team of assistants who fanned out across the country to capture the war.

HISTORY: Battle of Dien Bien Phu

The Battle of Dien Bien Phu, fought from March 13 to May 7, 1954, was a decisive Vietnamese military victory that brought an end to French colonial rule in Vietnam.

HISTORY: The Battle of Yorktown

The Battle of Yorktown (Sep 28, 1781 – Oct 19, 1781) was the final battle of the American Revolution, fought between Colonial troops and the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. The British began peace negotiations shortly after the American victory.

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Abdication of King Edward

Abdication is the formal act of giving up authority as the ruling monarch of a sovereign nation, as Edward VIII of Great Britain famously did in 1936.

An 1883 painting of Queen Victoria (1819 - 1901), taken from an 1882 photograph by Alexander Bassano. Behind the queen is a portrait of her deceased consort, Prince Albert, by German artist Franz Xaver Winterhalter, and the box beside her is labelled 'First Lord of the Treasury'.

Queen Victoria ruled the British Empire for nearly 64 years, after ascending the throne just weeks after turning 18. While short in stature, Victoria was a giant in shaping the modern monarchy, leaving her mark on what has come to be called the Victorian Era.

Crowds For King Crowds in Memphis, Tennessee, following the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr in the city, 8th April 1968. In the centre, from left to right are singer Harry Belafonte, Coretta Scott King with Jesse Jackson behind, Reverend Ralph Abernathy and Reverend Andrew Young. (Photo by Santi Visalli/Archive Photos/Getty Images)

A turbulent 1968 included the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War, the assassinations of MLK and Robert F. Kennedy and the historic Apollo 8 lunar mission.

Women Spies of the Civil War

The American Civil War challenged the ideology of Victorian domesticity and prompted women on both sides to get involved as nurses, fundraisers and soldiers.

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The year 2018 was marked by milestones in the #MeToo movement, a contentious Supreme Court hearing, battles over immigration and a groundbreaking royal wedding.

China

For as long as there have been civilized humans, there has been some form of China.

ACT UP activists hang a "silence = death" banner on the White House gates in 1992.

HIV and the syndrome it causes, AIDS, began spreading in the United States in the early 1980s. By the late 1980s it had become a public health crisis. Initially the U.S. government did little to address the epidemic, due in part to misconceptions that the disease only affected gay men. Activists came together to demand a response from the government and the international community. By the mid-1990s, HIV/AIDS numbers were on the decline in America. Today, millions of people around the world are living with HIV and tens of thousands of people die of AIDS-related illnesses every year.

Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx During Press Operations(Original Caption) Karl Marx, (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engles (1820-1895), in pressrooms of Rheinische Zeitung which they jointly edited. Undated screened illustration.

The political and economic ideology that calls for a classless, government-controlled society, surged and then receded through history.

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From a plea to a founding father, to the suffragists to Title IX, to the first female political figures, women have blazed a steady trail towards equality in the United States.

African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. After the Civil War, the racist legacy of slavery persisted, spurring movements of resistance. Learn important dates and facts about the African American experience.

Larry Itliong

Larry Itliong was a Filipino American labor leader who organized West Coast farm workers, starting in the 1930s. He became well-known in the 1960s for spearheading the Delano grape strike and teaming with labor leaders Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta to demand farm workers' rights.

The Victorian Era

The period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 1837 until her death in 1901 was marked by sweeping progress and ingenuity.

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Marquis de Montcalm Dying in French and Indian War(Original Caption) Montcalm, too was killed at Quebec. Earlier he had written that he would "save this unhappy colony or die in the attempt."

The French and Indian War, or Seven Years War, a conflict primarily fought between Britain and France over New World territory, ended with a British victory.

The first uncensored newspaper after the revolutio AUSTRIA - JANUARY 01: The first uncensored newspaper is sold in the streets of vienna after the revoltion of 1848. Watercolour by Johann Nepomuk Hoefel. (Photo by Imagno/Getty Images) [Die erste unzensierte Zeitung wird in den Strassen Wiens nach der Revolution von 1848 verkauft. Aquarell von Johann Nepomuk Hoefel.]

Origins Of Free Press Before the thirteen colonies declared independence from Great Britain, the British government attempted to censor the American media by prohibiting newspapers from publishing unfavorable information and opinions. One of the first c...

A demonstration against restrictions on the sale of alcohol in the united states of America.Illustration showing a demonstration against restrictions on the sale of alcohol in the united states of America 1875. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Freedom of speech—the right to express opinions without government restraint—is a democratic ideal that dates back to ancient Greece. In the United States, the First Amendment guarantees free speech, though the United States, like all modern democracies, places limits on this freedom.

Fall Equinox

The fall equinox is the first day of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Arriving between September 21 and 24, the day has spawned rituals in many cultures.

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