President Kennedy establishes his New Frontier with a challenge to venture into outer space.

During Fidel Castro's tenure as President of Cuba, he survived an estimated 638 attempts on his life - and that's just from the CIA.

Within the CIA, the Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961 was regarded as the "perfect failure."

Domino Theory, which governed much of U.S. foreign policy beginning in the early 1950s, held that a communist victory in one nation would quickly lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers in neighboring states.