Known as the “Year of Revolutions,” 1848 saw simultaneous uprisings against entrenched monarchies across much of Europe, including Italy, France, Austria and more. In a signal of things to come, it was also the year Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto.” In the U.S., prospectors discovered gold at Sutter’s Creek in California, precipitating the Gold Rush of 1849, while in Seneca Falls, New York, women’s rights advocates held their first national convention.
Illustration depicting Sutter’s Mill, where New Jersey prospector James Marshall discovered gold in 1848, sparking the California Gold Rush. (Credit: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images)
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