Every autumn, deciduous trees stop producing chlorophyll and their leaves change color before falling off. Vivid foliage displays can be seen across much of the United States, from lemon-colored aspens in the Rocky Mountains to cinnamon-brown bald cypresses in the Southeast. But though opinions vary, New England has become known as the main destination for leaf peepers.
In fact, far more trees turn red and yellow in New England than in other temperate regions worldwide. “New England’s got that sweet spot of red and yellow and orange and brown, which I think is special,” says Stephanie A. Spera, an associate professor of geography at the University of Richmond, who has studied how climate change affects fall foliage in Acadia National Park.
Red maples and sugar maples generate much of the color display, with contributions from beech, birch, sumac, sassafras, ash and other trees. In New England, Spera says, even the low foliage, like blueberry bushes, becomes bright red.
The History of Leaf Peeping
The enjoyment of fall colors is no modern phenomenon. In ancient Greece, Theophrastus, the so-called father of botany, wrote about autumn leaves. And in Japan, the tradition of momijigari, or “red leaves hunting,” dates back at least as far as the eighth century.
In New England, up to 80 percent of land was cleared for farms and houses by the mid-1800s. But as U.S. agricultural production shifted westward, New England’s forests began to regrow.