HISTORY.com Editors

HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen, Christian Zapata and Cristiana Lombardo.

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These aircraft, tanks, rocket launchers and more serve as the workhorses of American warfare. One has even earned the nickname "the finger of God."

Chris Mellon believes the government should more aggressively gather intel on military UFO sightings, some of which were captured on video.

Civil War secrets found in a battlefield garbage pile. A jewel thief in a powdered wig who hastened Marie Antoinette’s downfall. A Supreme Court showdown started by barmaids. Discover 25 fascinating—and often overlooked—moments that made history.

The wreck of Shackleton’s Endurance, with the wheel visible.

Preserved by icy waters, the majestic wooden ship of the infamous 1914-1916 Antarctic expedition is revealed in images from the deep of the Weddell Sea.

1950: 155mm Howitzers in action at Seoul, South Korea, during the Korean War.

These standout titles don’t just recount battles.

Douglas Mawson

These people went off the beaten track. Then things went horribly wrong.

Mexican flag

From its colors to the rendering of a snake-eating eagle, the Mexican flag is packed with symbolism and history.

Due to threats and violence against her, U.S. Marshals escorted 6-year-old Ruby Bridges to and from the previously whites only William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, 1960. As soon as Bridges entered the school, white parents pulled their childre

As a first-grader, her image became an emotional symbol for civil rights and educational equality.

D-Day Facts

D-Day was a historic World War II invasion, but the events of June 6, 1944 encompassed much more than a key military victory.

VATICAN-ITALY-US-POLITICS-DIPLOMACY-RELIGION

A brutally drawn-out election in 1271 led to the formation of the secretive, secluded conclave—and quicker elections.

Chinese and U.S. currency.

A look back at some pivotal moments in the complicated relationship between the two superpowers.

6 Things You May Not Know About Pumpkins

Which famous French explorer is credited with naming them?

Basketball, football and baseball are the three most popular sports in the United States.

Their backstories may surprise you.

The Controversy of Columbus Day

Christopher Columbus' arrival in North America in 1492 undoubtedly changed the world and lives of the Indigenous people he met. But was it for the better?

Halloween's focus on horror and make believe has spawned creepy legends, ghost stories—and hoaxes.

From witches to zombies to creepy clowns, the season's hair-raising legends all formed from decades—to centuries—of lore.

Carved Pumpkins at a Festival

From pagan rituals to costumes and candy corn, discover how Halloween—and its associated traditions—has evolved through the ages.

The Woodstock music festival may not have been a smoothly run event, but it featured electric moments—musical and otherwise—that made it unforgettable.

Virginia Hall

A diplomat who used the power of paperwork, a 16-year-old girl who shot Nazis from her bicycle and a teacher who hid Jewish children in baskets were among those who risked their lives to save others during World War II.

Tulsa Race Riots

The Greenwood district of Tulsa, Oklahoma had flourished as a neighborhood built by Black people, for Black people. In 1921 it was destroyed by a white mob. Get the facts on the attack and subsequent coverup.

Underwater explorer and marine biologist Mike Barnette and wreck diver Jimmy Gadomski explore a 20-foot segment of the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger that the team discovered in the waters off the coast of Florida.

The 20-foot piece of the NASA space shuttle was found off the coast of Florida during the filming of the new HISTORY Channel series, 'The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters.'

History of Halloween: Trick or Treating

The practice can be traced to the ancient Celts, early Roman Catholics and 17th-century British politics.

History of Jack O'Lanterns

Before we carved pumpkins, the Irish chiseled creepy faces onto turnips.

HISTORY: September 11 Photos

Images show devastation during the 2001 terror attacks, and the tragic aftermath.

9/11 Memorial of the September 11 Attacks in New York City

Watch videos about the attacks of 9/11 and the aftermath.

Stonewall Inn

The struggle for LGBTQ rights dates at least as far back as 1924 and accelerated in the wake of the 1969 Stonewall Uprising.

George Washington

He's America's first president. The icon we all think we know. But in reality, he was a complicated human being.

Flower arrangement

If you’ve ever received an anonymous flower basket at your doorstep on the first day of May, you may have been the recipient of a May Day basket.

Gay Pride Parade, 1983

This HISTORY Channel podcast, produced in partnership with WNYC Studios, was honored with a 2024 Peabody Award.

Heroes of Black US Military History

Meet the standout soldiers, spies and homefront forces who fought in American conflicts, from the Revolution to World War II.

Surprising Facts about St. Patrick's Day

Who was the real St. Patrick? Was that legend about the snakes true? And why did so many St. Patrick's Day traditions start in America?

'After Auschwitz, the human condition is no longer the same. After Auschwitz, nothing will ever be the same.' —Elie Wiesel.

HISTORY: Pearl Harbor

On December 7, 1941, a surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shocked America. These are the stories of veterans who were at the naval base that morning.

Twin Towers, New York City

On the morning of 9/11 in New York City, ordinary people picked up video cameras and recorded. This is what they saw—and how they reflected on the experience years later.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland speaking out of doors.

The first Indigenous cabinet member in U.S. history, Haaland hails from a lineage of 35 generations based in New Mexico.

These videos showcase the vision and hope John F. Kennedy inspired in Americans—and the immense national grief they shared upon his death.

The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln

Stories of a ghostly President Lincoln wandering the corridors and rooms of the White House have persisted for more than a century.

Martin Luther King Giving "Dream" SpeechMartin Luther King Jr., gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd before the Lincoln Memorial during the Freedom March in Washington, DC, on August 28, 1963. The widely quoted speech became one of his most famous.

From 'I Have a Dream' to 'Beyond Vietnam,' revisit the words and messages of the legendary civil rights leader.

Little-Known Facts About the Moon Landing

When Neil Armstrong stepped down a ladder and onto the moon on July 20, 1969, the nation achieved an audacious vision. But there were surprising moments along the way and not everything went as expected.

Guard Gate at Area 51 (Groom Lake, Dreamland) near Rachel, Nevada

Some have connected the site with the alleged government coverup of an alien spacecraft crash. Others claim the moon landing was filmed there. If that's not true, what is?

Pearl Harbor Survivor and WWII Veteran Paul Kennedy

On the morning of December 7, 1941 Paul Kennedy found himself staring straight at an incoming Japanese aircraft.

The Creation Of Adam (Sistine Chapel Ceiling In The Vatican)The Creation of Adam (Sistine Chapel ceiling in the Vatican), 1508-1512. Found in the collection of The Sistine Chapel, Vatican. Artist Buonarroti, Michelangelo (1475-1564). (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images via Getty Images).

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.

The French Revolution

The French Revolution began in 1789. Soon, the Bastille was stormed and the monarchy eliminated. After the Reign of Terror, France established a new government.

Pioneering African American scientist George Washington Carver

George Washington Carver, born into slavery, was a scientist and inventor who developed hundreds of products using peanuts (but not peanut butter) and other crops.

Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. Although its roots go back further, scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions.

In the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Wilma Rudolph won three gold medals and broke at least three world records in track and field, cementing her standing as one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century.

Trailblazing Black female athletes like Althea Gibson and Wilma Rudolph overcame discrimination to pave the way for future stars like Venus and Serena Williams.

HISTORY: Battle of Chattanooga

The Battles for Chattanooga in late 1863 brought victory to Union forces and ended the Confederate siege at the railroad junction of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Sunset in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers, and became known as the birthplace of independence as one of the 13 colonies.

D-Day Landings: A view from inside one of the landing craft after US troops hit the water during the Allied D-Day invasion of Normandy, France. The US troops on the shore are lying flat under German machine gun resistance.

Codenamed Operation Overlord, the invasion began on June 6, 1944, also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region during World War II. The operation was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and has been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.

West Virginia separated from Confederate Virginia to earn statehood in 1863. The state today is known for its coal production and its mountainous terrain.

Hispanic/Latinx History Milestones: Timeline

From early Spanish colonialism to civil and worker rights laws to famous firsts to Supreme Court decisions on immigration, see a timeline of notable events in U.S Hispanic and Latinx history.

America's youngest president, Theodore Roosevelt (1858 - 1919), who succeeded William McKinley after his assassination. Roosevelt was a popular leader and the first American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded for his mediation in the Russo-Japanese war.

Theodore Roosevelt became the 26st U.S. President in 1901, and was elected for a second term in 1904. Roosevelt's complex legacy includes his achievements as a progressive reformer and conservationist who regulated big business and established the national park system. He died in 1919.

Arch-Druid in his full Judicial Costume (From The Costume of the Original Inhabitants of the Britis Artist: Smith, Charles Hamilton (1776-1859)Arch-Druid in his full Judicial Costume (From The Costume of the Original Inhabitants of the British Islands by Meyrick and Sm, 1815. Private Collection. Artist : Smith, Charles Hamilton (1776-1859). (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

The Celts were a collection of tribes that may have evolved as early as 1200 B.C. before spreading their religious beliefs and traditions across western Europe.

Circa 1975: During a protest gathering, some followers of AIM (American Indian Movement ) raise their fists to swear the Red Power oath.

The American Indian Movement (AIM) is a grassroots movement for Indigenous rights, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The group has organized many high-profile protests and occupations, and was a driving force behind the Native American civil rights movement of the 1970s.

Soldier and politician Samuel Houston (1793-1863), first president of the Republic of Texas from 1836-38.

Sam Houston (1793-1863) was a lawyer, congressman and senator from Tennessee. After moving to Texas in 1832, he joined the conflict between U.S. settlers and the Mexican government and became commander of the local army. On April 21, 1836, Houston and his men defeated Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna at San Jacinto to secure Texan independence.

Jackie Robinson In ActionAmerican professional baseball player Jackie Robinson (1919 - 1972) of the Brooklyn Dodgers, dressed in a road uniform, crouches by the base and prepares to catch a ball, 1951. Throughout the course of his baseball career Robinson played several positions on the infield as well as serving as outfielder. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)

Jackie Robinson, the first Black athlete to play in the MLB, joined the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947, a date now known as Jackie Robinson Day.

The Irish Republican Army

The Irish Republican Army, also called the Provisional Irish Republican Army, was a paramilitary organization that used terror tactics, among other methods to halt British rule in Northern Ireland and bring about an independent republic for all of Ireland. A 30-year period that saw violent clashes between the IRA and other paramilitary groups and British security forces became known as The Troubles.

As explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various stages, from cooperation to indignation to revolt.

Armenian Genocide: Women and children rescued by Levon Yotneghperian, circa 1919.

The Armenian genocide was the systematic killing and deportation of millions of Armenians by Ottoman Empire Turks from 1915-1920, during and after World War I.

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton, one of America’s most influential Founding Fathers and Treasury secretaries, had a brilliant political career until he was killed in an 1804 duel.

Reaction to 9/11, President Bush at Ground Zero with the FDNY after the attacks on September 11, 2001

Shortly after the Twin Towers fell on September 11, 2001, the nation began to mourn, and around the country Americans began to commemorate the victims and demonstrate their patriotism, although backlash against Arab Americans and others also emerged.

Facts about the Legislative Branch: The Senate and the House of Representatives

The Founding Fathers and the Senate Although the U.S. Senate in its present form dates back to 1789, the year Congress as it is currently constructed met for the first time, it was not part of the original unicameral (“one chamber”) legislature establis...

A marching band participates in the annual St. Patrick's Day parade along 5th Ave. on March 17, 2018 in New York City. New York's Saint Patrick's Day parade is the largest in the world.

Learn about the first, earliest, biggest and most famous St. Patrick's Day parades around the world, in cities including New York, Boston, Chicago and Dublin.

Queen Elizabeth II on the balcony at Buckingham Palace after her coronation, 2nd June 1953. With her are (left to right) : Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. (Photo by Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Royal succession, or the transition of power from one ruler to the next, is based on rules like primogeniture for the United Kingdom and other monarchies.

National Park Service

Transcendentalism Popular 19th-century writers, including transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman drew inspiration from nature, while artists of the era—including Thomas Cole, Asher Durand and Albert Bierstad...

Negro League Baseball, Chicago Giants, 20th century Black history

Formation of Baseball’s Color Line As the expanding popularity of baseball in the United States led to the formation of amateur clubs in the second half of the 19th century, African Americans were among those joining the action. Records exist of an abbr...

John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) served as the 6th U.S. president, from 1825 to 1829. He was the son of former president John Adams, a Founding Father. Quincy Adams was outspoken in his opposition to slavery and support of freedom of speech.

Circa 1840. Oil on canvas. Private collection. (Photo by VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty Images)

The Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain in 1805, was a pivotal moment in the Napoleonic wars that established England as a dominant naval power.

Virginia was the first of the original 13 colonies to be permanently settled by the English, who established Jamestown on the banks of the James River in 1607. Virginia became a state on May 15, 1776.

(Original Caption) Chicago, IL: An unidentified bystander points accusingly at Illinois National Guardsmen as they stand guard of Grant Park early 8/28 following a large scale confrontation with hippies. Seven hundred troops, all members of the 33rd MP battalion, were ordered into the park, across the street from Democratic National Convention Headquarters at the Conrad Hotel. 8/28/1968

The 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois, was marked by violent protests and party upheaval as Hubert Humphrey clinched the presidential nomination.

Jimmy Carter: Photos

Jimmy Carter served as the 39th U.S. president and faced formidable challenges, including a major energy crisis as well as high inflation and unemployment. In the foreign affairs arena, he reopened U.S. relations with China and made efforts to broker peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict, but was damaged late in his term by a hostage crisis in Iran. His post-presidency work is distinguished by extensive charitable, humanitarian and diplomatic causes.

HISTORY: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

Warsaw Ghetto Shortly after the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, more than 400,000 Jews in Warsaw, the capital city, were confined to an area of the city that was little more than 1 square mile. In November 1940, this Jewish ghetto was seale...

Highway from Santa Fe to Taos

New Mexico became a U.S. state in 1912. It was the site of the first nuclear bomb test and drew attention for alleged alien activity near Roswell.

Romania's Nadia Comaneci on the balance beam at the Summer Olympics in 1976.

From Athens to Tokyo, the Games have crossed five continents, withstood boycotts and were only canceled three times due to two World Wars. See a timeline of notable moments in Summer Olympic Games history.

Vladimir Putin took control of Russia as prime minister and president by the early 21st century, his time in power marked by invasions of Crimea and Ukraine.

U.S. Army Women in Vietnam The great majority of the military women who served in Vietnam were nurses. All were volunteers, and they ranged from recent college graduates in their early 20s to seasoned career women in their 40s. Members of the Army Nurse...

Sunrise illuminates the historic South End waterfront of Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

New Hampshire was the first state to have its own constitution and the 9th to ratify the U.S. Constitution—officially putting the document into effect.

Arab American Heritage Month

Celebrating the rich and diverse culture and contributions of of the diverse population of Arab Americans, National Arab American Heritage Month has been observed during the month of April since 2017.

HISTORY: Queen Elizabeth II

Queen Elizabeth II served from 1952 to 2022 as reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. She was the longest-reigning monarch in British history.

President Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was the nation's seventh president (1829-1837) and became America’s most influential–and polarizing–political figure during the 1820s and 1830s. For some, his legacy is tarnished by his role in the Trail of Tears—the forced relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi.

The assault on Paris during the 'Bloody Week', during the Paris Commune, in May 1871, France.

The Paris Commune of 1871, a government set up by revolutionaries in Paris after the collapse of the French empire, ended after two months of violence and destruction. Despite its short duration, the movement introduced concepts now considered commonplace in modern democracies, including women’s rights, worker’s rights and separation of church and state.

Hernando de Soto (c.1496/1497-1542). Spanish explorer and conquistador.

Hernando de Soto was a 16th-century Spanish explorer and conquistador who grew rich through slavery and his conquests of the Inca and other Native Americans.

The capital of the United Kingdom has a long, rich history that stretches back to the ancient Romans.

A nurse prepares the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine a public housing project pop-up site targeting vulnerable communities in Los Angeles, California on March 10, 2021.

The year 2021 saw political turmoil, the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, an unusual Olympic Games, devastating natural disasters, advances in space exploration and more.

circa 1941: A crowd gathered in front of a poster for an armaments drive featuring a portrait of American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the U.S. government to lend or lease war supplies to any nation vital to U.S. defense, such as Britain during World War II.

Fire On The USS ForrestalSmoke from the burning US Navy aircraft carrier USS Forrestal is visible from the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Oriskany, in the Gulf of Tonkin, July 29, 1967. On the USS Oriskany's deck are A-1 Skyraiders and F-8 Crusaders. (Photo by US Navy/Interim Archives/Getty Images)

In August 1964, after two U.S. destroyers stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin were attacked by North Vietnamese forces, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate. The resolution became the legal basis for the United States to enter the Vietnam War.

The Duke of Wellington at la Haye Sainte, the Battle of Waterloo, painted by William Sadler

The Battle of Waterloo was a humiliating defeat for Napoleon, crushing his imperial dreams of ruling Europe and bringing the bloody Napoleonic Wars to a final end.

Miners during the Klondike Gold Rush

The Klondike Gold Rush was a mass influx of prospecting migrants to the Canadian Yukon Territory and Alaska after gold was discovered in those regions in 1896.

Egyptian President Anwar El-Sadat, US President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, 1979. Camp David Accord, Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty

Peace in the Middle East The ultimate goal of the Camp David Accords was to establish a framework for peace in the Middle East by formalizing Arab recognition of Israel’s right to exist, developing a procedure for the withdrawal of Israeli forces and ci...

HISTORY: First Amendment of the US Constitution

Since the Constitution was ratified in 1789, hundreds of thousands of bills have been introduced attempting to amend the nation's founding document. But only 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution have been ratified, out of 33 passed by Congress and sent to the states. See summaries of all 27.

HISTORY: Shang Dynasty

The Shang Dynasty ruled China from 1600 to 1046 B.C. and left a record of advancements in the fields of math, astronomy, art and military technology.