The Endurance appears to have sunk keel-first, with the bow first impacting the Weddell Sea floor.

5 Moments That Forced Americans to Confront Climate ChangeDraft SharePreviewPublish

The 1921 Wrangel Island Expedition team: Ada Blackjack, Allan Crawford, Lorne Knight, Fred Maurer, Milton Galle, and Victoria the cat.; 1921.

An image from 2018 showing cannons from the San José on the seafloor.

<a href="http://www.kieranmulvaney.com/bio.htm">Kieran Mulvaney</a> is the author of At the Ends of the Earth: A History of the Polar Regions, and The Great White Bear: A Natural &amp; Unnatural History of the Polar Bear. He has also covered boxing for ESPN, Reuters, Showtime and HBO.

Kieran Mulvaney

Kieran Mulvaney is the author of At the Ends of the Earth: A History of the Polar Regions, and The Great White Bear: A Natural &amp; Unnatural History of the Polar Bear. He has also covered boxing for ESPN, Reuters, Showtime and HBO.

Kieran Mulvaney Archives | HISTORY

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HISTORY

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In the 15th century, Europeans began to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of new routes to China and the East, but in the process they discovered what they labeled a "New World," although Indigenous people had lived there for centuries. Other explorers have pushed the limits of flight and seafaring, and traversed the frozen Continent of Antarctica.

Exploration

Native American history spans an array of diverse groups and leaders, including Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Tecumseh, and events like the Trail of Tears, the French and Indian War and the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Native American History

Explore the wars, battles, leaders, civilizations, regimes, prominent figures and major events from the continent that encompasses 2 percent of the Earth’s surface. From Stonehenge to the Great Awakening to the French Revolution to the rise and fall of Communism in Russia, see how Europe’s often tumultuous history unfolded.

European History

Natural disasters and changes in the environment, such as global warming, the San Francisco Earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, the Galveston Hurricane, the Krakatoa eruption and others, have profoundly shaped human history. Explore both the sudden and long-term impacts of natural and human-made disasters.

Kieran Mulvaney

Stories

How the San José Became the ‘Holy Grail’ of Shipwrecks

4 Key Moments That Forced Americans to Confront Climate Change

Why More and More Shipwrecks Are Being Discovered

The Inuit Woman Who Survived Alone on an Arctic Island After a Disastrous Expedition