HISTORY.com Editors

HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen, Christian Zapata and Cristiana Lombardo.

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The wreck of Shackleton’s Endurance, with the wheel visible.

Preserved by icy waters, the majestic wooden ship of the infamous 1914-1916 Antarctic expedition is revealed in images from the deep of the Weddell Sea.

Douglas Mawson

These people went off the beaten track. Then things went horribly wrong.

Surprising Facts about St. Patrick's Day

Who was the real St. Patrick? Was that legend about the snakes true? And why did so many St. Patrick's Day traditions start in America?

D-Day Facts

D-Day was a historic World War II invasion, but the events of June 6, 1944 encompassed much more than a key military victory.

These aircraft, tanks, rocket launchers and more serve as the workhorses of American warfare. One has even earned the nickname "the finger of God."

Chris Mellon believes the government should more aggressively gather intel on military UFO sightings, some of which were captured on video.

Civil War secrets found in a battlefield garbage pile. A jewel thief in a powdered wig who hastened Marie Antoinette’s downfall. A Supreme Court showdown started by barmaids. Discover 25 fascinating—and often overlooked—moments that made history.

1950: 155mm Howitzers in action at Seoul, South Korea, during the Korean War.

These standout titles don’t just recount battles.

Mexican flag

From its colors to the rendering of a snake-eating eagle, the Mexican flag is packed with symbolism and history.

Due to threats and violence against her, U.S. Marshals escorted 6-year-old Ruby Bridges to and from the previously whites only William Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans, 1960. As soon as Bridges entered the school, white parents pulled their childre

As a first-grader, her image became an emotional symbol for civil rights and educational equality.

VATICAN-ITALY-US-POLITICS-DIPLOMACY-RELIGION

A brutally drawn-out election in 1271 led to the formation of the secretive, secluded conclave—and quicker elections.

Chinese and U.S. currency.

A look back at some pivotal moments in the complicated relationship between the two superpowers.

6 Things You May Not Know About Pumpkins

Which famous French explorer is credited with naming them?

Basketball, football and baseball are the three most popular sports in the United States.

Their backstories may surprise you.

The Controversy of Columbus Day

Christopher Columbus' arrival in North America in 1492 undoubtedly changed the world and lives of the Indigenous people he met. But was it for the better?

Halloween's focus on horror and make believe has spawned creepy legends, ghost stories—and hoaxes.

From witches to zombies to creepy clowns, the season's hair-raising legends all formed from decades—to centuries—of lore.

Carved Pumpkins at a Festival

From pagan rituals to costumes and candy corn, discover how Halloween—and its associated traditions—has evolved through the ages.

The Woodstock music festival may not have been a smoothly run event, but it featured electric moments—musical and otherwise—that made it unforgettable.

Virginia Hall

A diplomat who used the power of paperwork, a 16-year-old girl who shot Nazis from her bicycle and a teacher who hid Jewish children in baskets were among those who risked their lives to save others during World War II.

Tulsa Race Riots

The Greenwood district of Tulsa, Oklahoma had flourished as a neighborhood built by Black people, for Black people. In 1921 it was destroyed by a white mob. Get the facts on the attack and subsequent coverup.

Underwater explorer and marine biologist Mike Barnette and wreck diver Jimmy Gadomski explore a 20-foot segment of the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger that the team discovered in the waters off the coast of Florida.

The 20-foot piece of the NASA space shuttle was found off the coast of Florida during the filming of the new HISTORY Channel series, 'The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters.'

History of Halloween: Trick or Treating

The practice can be traced to the ancient Celts, early Roman Catholics and 17th-century British politics.

History of Jack O'Lanterns

Before we carved pumpkins, the Irish chiseled creepy faces onto turnips.

HISTORY: September 11 Photos

Images show devastation during the 2001 terror attacks, and the tragic aftermath.

9/11 Memorial of the September 11 Attacks in New York City

Watch videos about the attacks of 9/11 and the aftermath.

Stonewall Inn

The struggle for LGBTQ rights dates at least as far back as 1924 and accelerated in the wake of the 1969 Stonewall Uprising.

George Washington

He's America's first president. The icon we all think we know. But in reality, he was a complicated human being.

Flower arrangement

If you’ve ever received an anonymous flower basket at your doorstep on the first day of May, you may have been the recipient of a May Day basket.

Gay Pride Parade, 1983

This HISTORY Channel podcast, produced in partnership with WNYC Studios, was honored with a 2024 Peabody Award.

Heroes of Black US Military History

Meet the standout soldiers, spies and homefront forces who fought in American conflicts, from the Revolution to World War II.

'After Auschwitz, the human condition is no longer the same. After Auschwitz, nothing will ever be the same.' —Elie Wiesel.

HISTORY: Pearl Harbor

On December 7, 1941, a surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shocked America. These are the stories of veterans who were at the naval base that morning.

Twin Towers, New York City

On the morning of 9/11 in New York City, ordinary people picked up video cameras and recorded. This is what they saw—and how they reflected on the experience years later.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland speaking out of doors.

The first Indigenous cabinet member in U.S. history, Haaland hails from a lineage of 35 generations based in New Mexico.

These videos showcase the vision and hope John F. Kennedy inspired in Americans—and the immense national grief they shared upon his death.

The Ghost of Abraham Lincoln

Stories of a ghostly President Lincoln wandering the corridors and rooms of the White House have persisted for more than a century.

Martin Luther King Giving "Dream" SpeechMartin Luther King Jr., gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd before the Lincoln Memorial during the Freedom March in Washington, DC, on August 28, 1963. The widely quoted speech became one of his most famous.

From 'I Have a Dream' to 'Beyond Vietnam,' revisit the words and messages of the legendary civil rights leader.

Little-Known Facts About the Moon Landing

When Neil Armstrong stepped down a ladder and onto the moon on July 20, 1969, the nation achieved an audacious vision. But there were surprising moments along the way and not everything went as expected.

Guard Gate at Area 51 (Groom Lake, Dreamland) near Rachel, Nevada

Some have connected the site with the alleged government coverup of an alien spacecraft crash. Others claim the moon landing was filmed there. If that's not true, what is?

Pearl Harbor Survivor and WWII Veteran Paul Kennedy

On the morning of December 7, 1941 Paul Kennedy found himself staring straight at an incoming Japanese aircraft.

HISTORY: Valentine's Day

What are the historical origins and meaning of Valentine's Day? Get the facts. Learn how romantic cards and chocolates helped commercialize this day of love.

Magna Carta

The Magna Carta (or Great Charter) was written in Latin and was effectively the first written constitution in European history. It established the principle of respecting the law, limiting government power and protecting human rights.

HISTORY: The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation, composed in 1777 and ratified in 1781, granted powers to Congress as the first written constitution of the United States.

Marquis de Montcalm Dying in French and Indian War(Original Caption) Montcalm, too was killed at Quebec. Earlier he had written that he would "save this unhappy colony or die in the attempt."

The French and Indian War, or Seven Years War, a conflict primarily fought between Britain and France over New World territory, ended with a British victory.

july 4, 1776, the continental congress, the declaration of independence, the american revolution

The U.S. Declaration of Independence, adopted July 4, 1776, was the first formal statement by a nation's people asserting the right to choose their government.

HISTORY: The Boston Tea Party

The Boston Tea Party was a political protest staged on December 16, 1773 at Griffin’s Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped 342 chests of British tea into the harbor. The event was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists.

HISTORY: The 13 Colonies

The 13 Colonies were a group of colonies of Great Britain that settled on the Atlantic coast of America in the 17th and 18th centuries. The colonies declared independence in 1776 to found the United States of America.

HISTORY: Plymouth Colony

Plymouth Colony was a British colony in Massachusetts settled by travelers arriving on the Mayflower in the 17th century. It was the first colonial settlement in New England and was the site of the first Thanksgiving.

HISTORY: The Salem Witch Trials

The infamous Salem witch trials were a series of prosecutions for witchcraft starting in 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. Learn about what led to the allegations and the hundreds of people who were were accused.

First Crusade: Taking of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, 15 July 1099. Godfrey of Bouillon ( or Godefroi - Godefroy de Bouillon) giving thanks to God in the presence of Peter the Hermit after the capture of the city. Painting by Emile Signol (1804-1892)

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims, occurring from 1096 and 1291, primarily to secure control of Middle Eastern holy sites.

New York, USA 1931. New Yorkers celebrated Christmas in 1931, with a city-wide solicitude for those touched by misfortune during the year. The Municipal Lodging House fed 10,000 persons, including about 100 women and the Police Glee Club and the Police BNew York, USA, 1931, New Yorkers celebrated Christmas in 1931, with a city-wide solicitude for those touched by misfortune during the year, The Municipal Lodging House fed 10,000 persons, including about 100 women and the Police Glee Club and the Police Band entertained them, Here a line of hungrey men waiting to enter the Municipal Lodging House on East 25th street (Photo by Rolls Press/Popperfoto via Getty Images/Getty Images)

The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting from the stock market crash of 1929 to 1939.

Local youths and volunteers gather in an open field and wait to support firefighters during a wildfire next in the Greek village of Kamatriades.

Experiments linking human activity to rising temperatures surfaced in the 1800s, but it would be another century until climate change became a serious concern.

A dust storm roars across an empty field.

The Dust Bowl refers to the drought-stricken southern plains of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

The Stone Age

The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago when humans began working with metal and making tools and weapons from bronze.

Religions on the End of the World, Judgment day, fall of rebel angels

Since the beginning of recorded time, people have been thinking about the end of the world. As such, the planet’s major religions have formulated elaborate viewpoints on this topic.

HISTORY: Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that may have originated as early as 4,000 years ago. Arguably the world’s first monotheistic faith, it’s one of the oldest religions still in existence. Zoroastrianism was the state religion of three Persian dynasties, until the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century A.D. Zoroastrian refugees, called Parsis, escaped Muslim persecution in Iran by emigrating to India. Zoroastrianism now has an estimated 100,000 to 200,000 worshipers worldwide, and is practiced today as a minority religion in parts of Iran and India.

HISTORY: Judaism

Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. History is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which is embedded in tradition, law and culture.

January 1922: A Roaring Twenties-era Carnival on the roof garden at the Criterion in London.

The Roaring Twenties were a Jazz Age burst of prosperity and freedom for flappers and others during the Prohibition era, until the economy crashed in 1929.

HISTORY: Rosh Hashanah

Rosh Hashanah is one of Judaism’s holiest holidays.

Angel Island Immigration Station

The Angel Island Immigration Station served as the main immigration facility on the West Coast of the United States from 1910 to 1940. Many immigrants from China or other Asian countries were detained there for extended periods thanks to the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) and other discriminatory immigration laws.

HISTORY: The Transcontinental Railroad

In 1862, the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroad Companies began building a transcontinental railroad that would link the United States from east to west. Over the next seven years, the two companies raced toward each other from Sacramento, California on the one side to Omaha, Nebraska on the other, struggling against great risks before they met at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869.

Ancient Greek city of Mycenae as it was during the Heroic Age

Mycenae is the site of an ancient city in Peloponnese, Greece. The center of a Bronze Age civilization, Mycenae also featured prominently in Greek mythology.

HISTORY: The Bronze Age

The Bronze Age marked the first time humans started to work with metal. Bronze tools and weapons soon replaced earlier stone versions. Ancient Sumerians in the Middle East may have been the first people to enter the Bronze Age.

HISTORY: The Persian Empire

The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran, beginning with the conquests of Cyrus the Great around 550 B.C.

SphinxSphinx, Giza, Egypt, 2007. The Sphinx of Giza, representing a creature with the body of a lion and head of a human, dating from c. 2500 BC and representing the Pharoah Khafre, Egypt. Artist Ethel Davies. (Photo by EMD/Then and Now Images/Heritage Images via Getty Images

Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world from around 3100 B.C. to its conquest in 332 B.C.

Dweller in "Hooverville", Circleville, Ohio, c. 1938. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Hoovervilles, named after unpopular President Herbert Hoover, were encampments of crude dwellings for poor and homeless people during the Great Depression.

The Relief of Genoa by the 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz , 1634-1635. Found in the Collection of Museo del Prado, Madrid. Artist Pereda y Salgado, Antonio, de (1611-1678). (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

With Emperor Ferdinand II’s ascension to head of state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1619, religious conflict began to foment.

HISTORY: Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia was a region of southwest Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers from which human civilization and world-changing inventions emerged.

1786: American troops fighting rebels during Shay's rebellion in Western Massachusetts. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Shays' Rebellion was a series of attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts that helped spur the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

In the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Wilma Rudolph won three gold medals and broke at least three world records in track and field, cementing her standing as one of the greatest athletes of the 20th century.

Trailblazing Black female athletes like Althea Gibson and Wilma Rudolph overcame discrimination to pave the way for future stars like Venus and Serena Williams.

Rabbi blowing a Shofar, usually made from a Rams horn and one of the earliest wind instruments known to man.

Yom Kippur is considered the most important holiday in Judaism.

American tennis star Althea Gibson hits a return shot to Mlle. Monnot during her singles match at the Surrey Grass Court Championship, held at the Surbiton Racket and Fitness Club.

Trailblazing athlete Althea Gibson became the first great African American player in women’s tennis. She won a string of American Tennis Association titles on the African American circuit. After being allowed entry to the major tournaments, she became the first Black player to win Wimbledon and the French and U.S. Open titles.

INDIANAPOLIS - MAY 27: The downtown skyline overlooks the track during the 91st running of the Indianapolis 500 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway May 27, 2007 in Indianapolis, Indiana.

The Hoosier state is also known as the "Crossroad of the World."

Monica Lewinsky meets with President ClintonA photograph showing former White House intern Monica Lewinsky meeting President Bill Clinton at a White House function submitted as evidence in documents by the Starr investigation and released by the House Judicary committee September 21, 1998.

The Monica Lewinsky scandal in the late 1990s involved President Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern in her early 20s. In 1995, the two began a sexual relationship that continued sporadically until 1997. The impeachment of Bill Clinton was initiated in December 1998 by the House of Representatives for charges of lying under oath and obstructing justice.

A scenic view in Idaho.

Idaho farmers produce more potatoes and trout than any other state in the nation

As explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various stages, from cooperation to indignation to revolt.

Labor Day

Labor Day became a federal holiday in 1894, under President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland created the holiday during a crisis over federal efforts to end a strike by railroad workers. Today the holiday—celebrated on the first Monday in September—pays tribute to the contributions of American workers and symbolizes the end of summer.

9/11 Attacks (September 11, 2001)

Track the day and subsequent fallout from the devastating attacks of September 11, 2001.

Christopher Columbus

Columbus Day is a U.S. holiday that commemorates the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492.

Scenic view of mountains against sky,North Carolina,United States,USA - stock photo

One of the original 13 colonies, North Carolina was the first state to instruct its delegates to vote for independence from the British crown during the Continental Congress.

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was a destructive Category 5 storm that made landfall on the U.S. Gulf Coast in August 2005. The storm triggered catastrophic flooding, particularly in the city of New Orleans, and caused more than 1,800 deaths.

USA, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, elevated city skyline with Devon Tower, dusk

Oklahoma became the 46th state in 1907, following several acts that incorporated more Indian tribal land into U.S. territory.

Mount Hood View with Portland Downtown Skyline - stock photo

The state is one of the nation's top producers of wine, hazelnuts and Christmas trees.

A general view of the Maryland State House prior to the opening of the Maryland General Assembly in Annapolis, MD on January 13, 2021.

“The Old Line State” is known for its diverse geography and crucial role in the nation’s history.

HISTORY: Roger Williams
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Roger Williams (1603-1683) was a political and religious leader who settled the state of Rhode Island in 1636 and advocated for the separation of church and state in Colonial America.

Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911), English scientist who studied heredity, founder of science of eugenics.

Eugenics is the now-discredited practice of “improving” the human race and reducing the impact of hereditary disease by mating people with desirable traits.

Mississippi state flag

With a diverse landscape, Mississippi history is marked by its role in the Civil War, the civil rights movement and as the birthplace of the blues.

Helen Keller

Helen Keller was an author, lecturer, and crusader for the handicapped. Born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, She lost her sight and hearing at the age of nineteen months to an illness now believed to have been scarlet fever. Five years later, on the advice of Al...

Detail, Raphael's Vatican fresco 'School of Athens' featuring Plato and Aristotle

The Athenian philosopher Plato (c.428-347 B.C.) is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates.

(Original Caption) Chicago, IL: An unidentified bystander points accusingly at Illinois National Guardsmen as they stand guard of Grant Park early 8/28 following a large scale confrontation with hippies. Seven hundred troops, all members of the 33rd MP battalion, were ordered into the park, across the street from Democratic National Convention Headquarters at the Conrad Hotel. 8/28/1968

The 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago, Illinois, was marked by violent protests and party upheaval as Hubert Humphrey clinched the presidential nomination.