Sarah Pruitt

Sarah Pruitt has been a frequent contributor to History.com since 2005, and is the author of Breaking History: Vanished! (Lyons Press, 2017), which chronicles some of history's most famous disappearances.

Latest from this author

When it comes to the U.S. presidency, how did the first 100 days come to loom so large as a political benchmark?

Mothers Day

Anna Jarvis, who founded Mother's Day in 1908, passionately opposed its growing commercialization and eventually campaigned against the holiday.

Judas' Betrayal

Once one of Jesus’s most trusted disciples, Judas became the poster child for treachery and cowardice.

Their designs were so radical that test flights over the Nevada desert often prompted a rash of 'UFO' sightings.

At Cold War Nuclear Fallout Shelters, These Foods Were Stocked for Survival

Bulgur biscuits and a granulated synthetic protein dubbed 'multi-purpose food' promised long shelf life—but not much else.

Who Wrote the Bible?

Scholars have investigated the issue for centuries, but many questions persist.

Not only was it the first 'people's Bible,' but its poetic cadences and vivid imagery have had an enduring influence on Western culture.

What's really known about the Bible's most mysterious woman?

Crucifixion

Scientists say wounds found on the heel of a man buried some 2,000 years ago in northern Italy suggest he had been nailed to a wooden cross.

A sixth-century image discovered in Israel depicts Jesus with short, curly hair.

Still from the HISTORY® Channel series 'Jesus: His Life'

He is one of the most commonly painted figures in Western art. But what do we really know about his appearance?

Hurricane Katrina

The 2005 hurricane and subsequent levee failures led to death and destruction—and dealt a lasting blow to leadership and the Gulf region.

Many Allied bombings released the equivalent energy of 300 lightning strikes and temporarily weakened the ionosphere, say researchers.

How the Black Power Movement Influenced the Civil Rights Movement

With a focus on racial pride and self-determination, leaders of the Black Power movement argued that civil rights activism did not go far enough.

An explosive bestseller mined the records of Adolf Hitler’s personal doctor, among other sources, to uncover details of the long-rumored drug use by many in the Nazi regime.

Don't Ask Don't Tell

Though Clinton admitted the policy was “not a perfect solution,” he presented it as a “major step forward” from the existing ban.

What Happened to Dag Hammarskjold?

New evidence supports a theory that the pioneering U.N. secretary general was assassinated.

Sears, Roebuck and Co. Consumers Guide

The catalog was the Amazon.com of its time—packaged in hundreds of pages.

Reagan's words reflected a shift that was underway as Soviet reforms and protests were pressuring the East German government to open barriers to the West.

James Garfield, 1881. Artist Ole Peter Hansen Balling. (Photo by Heritage Art/Heritage Images via Getty Images)

Many saw this multi-talented president as as a symbol of American promise and potential—but he would only end up serving four months in office.

Why Schools in New York City and Chicago Stayed Open During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

Amid fierce controversy, public health officials in both cities decided children would be better off in classrooms.

The children involved in the landmark Civil Rights lawsuit Brown v. Board of Education, which challenged the legality of American public school segregation: Vicki Henderson, Donald Henderson, Linda Brown, James Emanuel, Nancy Todd, and Katherine Carper.

The Supreme Court ruling was met with inertia and, in many states, active resistance.

Viking king depicted by modern human.

Clothing made from cat pelts was fashionable with Viking warriors.

The Death of Alexander the Great

“His death may be the most famous case of pseudothanatos, or false diagnosis of death, ever recorded.”

Jude Hall was one of the most revered Black veterans of the American Revolution. That didn't stop the kidnappers from targeting his boys.

How the 13 Colonies Celebrated Christmas (or Didn’t)

In colonial America, some settlers imported Christmas traditions from Europe, while others rejected the holiday due to its pagan roots.

How Are Electoral College Electors Chosen?

Despite the important role of the Electoral College, the Constitution doesn’t say much about the electors themselves.

Most may not think of Mexico as contributing to the Allied effort, but it contributed key resources, as well as fighting power.

How the Salem Witch Trials Influenced the U.S. Justice System

Those accused lacked basic legal protections, including the premise that one was innocent until proven guilty.

Since 1950, individual income taxes have been the primary source of revenue for the U.S. federal government.

John Adams

The election of 1800 marked the first time the leader of one political party handed the reins of government to his opponent.

The Japanese attack caught the U.S. Navy off guard but ultimately failed to cripple its war effort at sea, thanks to a massive salvage effort that began almost as soon as the smoke cleared.

African-American Voting Rights

The 15th Amendment was supposed to guarantee Black men the right to vote, but exercising that right became another challenge.

All but one of the remains tested so far have been African-American males.

T-Rex Scotty skeleton

The massive dinosaur also lived longer than any other T. rex discovered to date.

2001 Anthrax Letters

Who sent the series of letters in the wake of the 9/11 attacks? Investigators zeroed in on a possible culprit.

Ted Kaczynski

After a long, desperate search, it would be Ted Kaczynski's own words that would lead to his capture.

Timothy McVeigh developed his suspicion of government authority at a young age—but two pivotal events pushed him over the edge.

The Sunni-Shia Divide

The split between the two main sects within Islam goes back some 1,400 years.

How the U.S. Pulled Off Midterm Elections Amid the 1918 Flu Pandemic

A lot was on the line, and not just for Democrats in Congress.

Mamie Tape

Mamie Tape's bid to desegregate San Francisco schools went to the California Supreme Court seven decades before Brown v. Board.

Pregnancy in the Workplace

Women working while pregnant in the United States have faced shifting rules and protections through the decades.

15 Key Moments in the Reign of Elizabeth II

Revisit some of the most historic moments in the reign of Britain’s record-setting monarch.

The Many Ways the Post Office Has Delivered the Mail Through the Decades

From stagecoach to pneumatic tube, the post office finds a way to get Americans their mail.

Viking Drinking Hall

This is where 12-century warriors went to unwind.

Does Hangar 18, Legendary Alien Warehouse, Exist?

Crashed UFOs, alien autopsies and government cover-ups—untangling the legend surrounding Ohio’s Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.

Black Death

Scientists have confirmed that the Black Death and another huge plague epidemic in the sixth century were caused by different strains of the same bacterium.

painting of the Titanic just as it's going under, with lifeboats in the foreground

High speeds, a fatal wrong turn, weather conditions, a dismissed iceberg warning and lack of binoculars and lifeboats all contributed to one of the worst maritime tragedies.

Apollo 13

What was supposed to be the third space mission to land on the moon ended in disaster. But NASA learned from its mistakes.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

From new money to consumer culture to lavish parties, F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel depicted the heyday of the 1920s—and foreshadowed the doom that would follow.

istockphoto.com

Atlantis has been an object of fascination for thousands of years. Explore six theories behind Plato's account of the great, but doomed civilization.

How Inca Mummies Ruled in the Afterlife

The most important members of Inca society continued to be treated as living beings after death—and provided a powerful link to the gods.

EGYPT-ARCHAEOLOGY-PYRAMIDS-SPHINX A picture taken on November 20, 2019 shows the Sphinx at the Giza Pyramids Necropolis on the western outskirts of the Egyptian capital Cairo. (Photo by Khaled DESOUKI / AFP) (Photo by KHALED DESOUKI/AFP via Getty Images)

The Great Sphinx of Giza, a giant limestone figure with the body of a lion and the head of a man wearing a pharaoh’s headdress, is the national symbol of Egypt—both ancient and modern—and one of the world’s most famous monuments. Despite its iconic status, geologists, archaeologists, Egyptologists and others continue to debate the Sphinx’s […]

The iron blade of an ornate dagger buried with Egypt’s King Tutankhamun in the 14th century B.C. likely came from a fallen meteorite, according to a new study.

A view of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China.

On March 29, 1974, Chinese farmers digging a well near Xi’an made one of the most spectacular archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.

8 Ways Past U.S. Presidents Handled the Peaceful Transfer of Power

Presidential transitions through U.S. political history have ranged from smooth to awkward to adversarial.

How the Civil War Influenced Music in the United States

For soldiers on both sides, music was a vital source of inspiration and comfort.

A huge crowd of soldiers stands at attention beneath the reviewing stand at a 1936 Nazi rally in Nuremberg, Germany.

Both are non-democratic political systems, but there are key differences between the two.

Countless history books, TV documentaries and feature films made about World War II, many accept a similar narrative of the war in the West, which may not be entirely accurate.

Medieval 'Black Death' Was Airborne, Scientists Say

Skeletons buried deep beneath a square in London yield information about how one of history’s deadliest plagues spread through 14th-century Britain.

Mexican and British researchers have uncovered a possible reason for the mysterious collapse of one of the Western Hemisphere's most advanced civilizations.

John Scopes in the courtroom during his 1925 trial.

In 1925, John T. Scopes—the defendant in the famous “Monkey Trial”—was indicted for teaching the theory of evolution in his high school science class.

Battle of Gettysburg

In a must-win clash, Union forces halted the northern invasion of Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army.

This Celtic queen took no prisoners after Romans annexed her family's kingdom and raped her daughters.

Broken Treaties in Native American History: Timeline

From 1778 to 1871, the United States signed some 368 treaties with various Indigenous people across the North American continent.

Writer, feminist, poet and civil-rights activist Audre Lorde (1934-1992) poses for a photograph during her 1983 residency at the Atlantic Center for the Arts in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.

The history of established feminist movements in the United States roughly breaks down into four different time periods.

Ousamequin, chief of the Wampanoag signs a peace treaty with Governor John Carver (1576 - 1621).

The treaty that made the first Thanksgiving possible has a dark backstory.

Why Do Witches Ride Brooms? The History Behind the Legend

From pagan fertility rituals to hallucinogenic herbs, the story of witches and brooms is a wild ride.

On April 22, 1970, a nationwide “teach-in” inspired millions of Americans to care more about the environment.

How the Mirabal Sisters Helped Topple a Dictator

The assassination of “las Mariposas” (“the Butterflies”) fueled public outrage against one of the longest and most ruthless regimes in modern history.

Here are the most-wanted holiday toys of the past century.

The Difference Between Socialism and Communism

Though the terms are often used interchangeably, socialism and communism are different in key ways.

tennis, u.s open

As part of the U.S. Open’s third annual Military Appreciation Day, the tennis world remembers Joe Hunt, who won a dramatic victory in the 1943 men’s championship.

Gospels recount that it was delivered on a platter to Herod Antipas. After that, things got murky.

International Women's Day marchers in 1977

Though International Women’s Day may be more widely celebrated abroad than in the United States, its roots are planted firmly in American soil.

Terra Cotta Army

Archaeologists working on the famed Terra Cotta Army in China believe their lifelike appearance could have been modeled on ancient Greek sculptures.

Sunlight through the Colosseum in Rome.

By analyzing concrete used to build 2,000-year-old Roman structures, a team of scientists discovered why it's so durable.

The centuries following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. are often referred to as the Dark Ages—but were they really?

artistic swimming

It’s been an Olympic event since 1984, but the sport formerly known as synchronized swimming, has ancient origins.

The hippie counterculture reached its height during the escalation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, and subsided as the conflict drew to a close.

Lee Harvey Oswald

Here are the 10 most revealing highlights from the 2,800 JFK assassination files declassified in October 2017.

John and Jacqueline Kennedy ride through Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.

Do the documents released in 2017 shed new light on the 1963 killing—or launch new conspiracy theories?

Portrait of George III of the United Kingdom. (Credit: Public Domain)

A computer analysis of the British monarch's writing supports the long-held belief that he suffered from a mental illness.

The often-rocky relationship between Britain and the European Union stretches back nearly half a century.

When Margaret Thatcher Crushed a British Miners’ Strike

The 'Iron Lady' earned her reputation for toughness when coal miners called a nationwide strike in 1984.

The Favourite

The ruthless power struggle in Queen Anne's court between her ladies-in-waiting Sarah Churchill and Abigail Masham had some sexual overtones.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Although his roots were as royal as they come, Philip was considered a controversial choice of husband for Queen Elizabeth II.

Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

Once titled "defender" of the Catholic church, Henry's personal circumstances would drive him to break his Catholic ties and found the Church of England.

Boris Pasternak, 1940s.

Declassified Cold War-era documents reveal how the Central Intelligence Agency used the epic novel <em>Dr. Zhivago</em> as a tool to undermine the Soviet Union.

Martin Luther King Giving "Dream" Speech

Bureau director J. Edgar Hoover had made his career fighting the perceived threat of communism.

Adolf Hitler Tried (and Failed) to Be an Artist

Long before he rose to become a ruthless dictator, the Nazi leader was a struggling young artist.

This icon of classical architecture perched atop the Acropolis has dominated the Athens skyline for 2,500 years.

Here are the most fascinating finds of the year.

HISTORY: Siege of Vicksburg

Along with the defeat of Robert E. Lee’s army at Gettysburg a day earlier, the Confederate surrender of Vicksburg, Mississippi on July 4, 1863 would turn the tide of the Civil War.

Flappers dancing while musicians perform during a Charleston dance contest at the Parody Club, New York City, 1926.

Young women with short hairstyles, cigarettes dangling from their painted lips, dancing to a live jazz band, explored new-found freedoms.

Archaeologists hope a recently discovered stash of khipu, a system of strings and knots used by the ancient Inca civilization, will help them decode this mysterious mode of information storage.

Democratic presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, 1896

William Jennings Bryan's campaign for the presidency courted the rural vote. Bryan lost—but lines were drawn.

Emily Roebling

After her husband was incapacitated in an accident, Emily Warren Roebling took over supervising the complex construction of the landmark.

Langston Hughes, circa 1942.

These writers were part of the larger cultural movement centered in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood and offered complex portraits of Black life in America.