Celebrating 250 years of valor, resilience, and sacrifice through the stories of military heroes who helped shape a nation’s history.
Researchers at the National Archives have found evidence that at least 250 women dressed as men to fight in the Civil War, some motivated by ideology, some by a taste for adventure and some by the need for a job.
On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, mandating the desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces and ending 170 years of officially sanctioned racial discrimination in the military. Although African Americans had served since the Revolutionary War, they were typically segregated from white troops and often assigned to menial roles. A landmark achievement of both the postwar civil rights movement and Truman’s presidency, the order marked one of the first times a U.S. president used executive authority to advance civil rights. It also helped pave the way for broader desegregation efforts across American society.