5 Essential Books on Martin Luther King Jr.

Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, professor emerita of history at Yale University, recommends Taylor Branch’s Parting the Waters, the Pulitzer Prize-winning first volume of his America in the King Years series. The 880-page work isn’t so much a biography as a social history of the Civil Rights Movement in the years before it reached its climax, with King at its center. Branch begins by reaching back—way back—to the 1867 founding of Montgomery’s first independent Black Baptist church and carries the story forward to John F. Kennedy’s 1963 assassination. He follows King through boycotts, sit-ins, jailings, political maneuverings and rivalries, weaving a wide cast of characters ranging from legendary activists John Lewis and Bob Moses to lesser-known civil rights figures Septima Clark and Diane Nash, along with FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover and the Kennedy brothers. “I have tried to make biography and history reinforce each other by knitting together a number of personal stories along the main seam of an American epoch,” writes Branch.

BUY HERE: Parting the Waters

“Don’t use the lines about ‘I have a dream,’” King’s adviser Wyatt Walker warned the civil rights leader. “It’s trite, it’s cliché. You’ve used it too many times already.” Scholar and journalist Gary Younge details the remarkable backstory behind King’s speech, showing how the now-iconic dream passage never appeared in the prepared text. He also traces the volatile lead-up to King’s historic speech at the March on Washington, which saw 758 demonstrations occur in 186 cities in just 10 weeks. “This microhistory of an event showcases 1963 as a turning point in the United States, as federal efforts to surveil and control civil rights organizing ran into a mass march that promised to change America,” says Martha Biondi, professor of Black studies and history at Northwestern University. 

BUY HERE: The Speech

Ryan Jones, historian and curator at the National Civil Rights Museum, recommends this bold dual biography. One reason: It shatters the mythologies of King as the benign dreamer of, in his words, a multiracial “beloved community” and Malcolm X as the fiery “by-any-means-necessary” Black radical. Historian Peniel E. Joseph traces their contrasting origins through to the Civil Rights Movement’s “heroic period” (1954–1965), to show how the two men “antagonized, infuriated and inspired each other”—and why any account of one becomes incomplete without the other.

BUY HERE: The Sword and the Shield

In another of Jones’s picks, this powerful collection of sermons, speeches, and essays by the civil rights icon dismantles the myth of King as merely a gentle idealist. Instead, it reveals a democratic socialist with “a seething in his soul, a holy anger and righteous indignation,” who championed the poor and working class and forcefully opposed the Vietnam War. Edited and introduced by Cornel West, the noted scholar and 2024 independent presidential candidate, the volume challenges the ways King has been, in West’s words, “Santa-Clausified—tamed, domesticated, sanitized and sterilized.”

BUY HERE: The Radical King

For all the attention given to King’s assassination in Memphis—shot with a single bullet while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel—far fewer know what drew him to the city. Author Michael Honey, a civil rights activist-turned-historian, recounts the volatile local struggle that reached a breaking point when two Black workers were crushed in a malfunctioning garbage truck, an injustice that prompted King’s final crusade. In this history of the sanitation strike that brought King to Memphis, Honey “captures both King’s increasingly radical focus on economic justice and his relationship to the local, on-the-ground organizing that gave the movement its power,” says Adriane Lentz-Smith, associate professor of history at Duke University. 

BUY HERE: Going Down Jericho Road