By: HISTORY.com Editors
Abolition of slavery announced in Texas on “Juneteenth”
In what is now known as Juneteenth, on June 19, 1865, Union soldiers arrive in Galveston, Texas, with news that the Civil War is over and slavery in the United States is abolished.
A mix of June and 19th, Juneteenth has become a day to commemorate the end of slavery in America, which was made official by the adoption of the 13th Amendment. Despite the fact that President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation was issued more than two years earlier on January 1, 1863, a lack of Union troops in the rebel state of Texas made the order difficult to enforce.
Some historians blame the lapse in time on poor communication in that era, while others believe Texan enslavers purposely withheld the information. Ultimately, few were willing to grant enslaved people their freedom without authorities present to mandate they do so.
Juneteenth and Civil Rights
Show: HISTORY Honors 250In the 1960s, Civil Rights Leaders brought the celebration of Juneteenth back into American life.
Upon arrival and leading the Union soldiers, Major General Gordon Granger announced General Order No. 3: “The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness either there or elsewhere.”
Beginning that day, 250,000 enslaved people were freed, and despite the message to stay and work for their former owners, many left the state immediately and headed north or to nearby states in search of family members who had been taken to other regions during slavery.
For many Black Americans, June 19 is considered an independence day. In 1980, Texas became the first state to celebrate Juneteenth as a holiday (the law enacting the state holiday passed in 1979). Nearly all 50 states had made Juneteenth an official observance by 2019; today, dozens declare it a state holiday.
On June 17, 2021, President Joe Biden signed legislation officially creating the Juneteenth federal holiday.
Play our Juneteenth Quiz
Test your knowledge of Juneteenth in this timed quiz.
Also on This Day in History
Discover more of the major events, famous births, notable deaths and everything else history-making that happened on June 19th
Related
Slavery
18 videosDebate over the Wilmot Proviso inflamed North-South divisions ahead of the Civil War.
Loved ones could be sold away at any time. Here's how married couples coped.
Residents of a Pennsylvania village fought back against slave catchers in what became known as the Christiana Resistance of 1851.
About the author
HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Christian Zapata, Cristiana Lombardo and Adrienne Donica.
Fact Check
We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate.
Citation Information
- Article Title
- Abolition of slavery announced in Texas on “Juneteenth”
- Author
- HISTORY.com Editors
- Website Name
- History
- Date Accessed
- October 29, 2026
- Publisher
- A&E Television Networks
- Last Updated
- July 15, 2026
- Original Published Date
- July 09, 2019